Mbiri ya EXCAVATOR

Zipangizo zomwe wofukulayo akumba makamaka ndi dothi, malasha, matope, dothi ndi miyala pambuyo pozimasula. Poganizira za chitukuko cha makina omanga m'zaka zaposachedwa, chitukuko cha makina omanga chakhala chachangu, ndipo makina omanga akhala amodzi mwa makina omanga ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga uinjiniya.
Mbadwo woyamba wa ma archer: kutulukira kwa ma motors amagetsi ndi ma heaters amkati kunapangitsa kuti ma archer akhale ndi zida zamagetsi zapamwamba komanso zoyenera, kotero zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofukula zidabadwa chimodzi pambuyo pa china. Mu 1899, ma archer oyamba amagetsi adawonekera. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, ma diesel adagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'ma archer. Ma archer amakina oyendetsedwa ndi injini ya dizilo (kapena injini yamagetsi) anali mbadwo woyamba wa ma archer.
Mbadwo wachiwiri wa ofukula: Pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wa hydraulic, ofukula ali ndi chipangizo chotumizira mauthenga chasayansi komanso chogwira ntchito. Kutumiza kwa hydraulic m'malo mwa kutumiza kwa makina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri paukadaulo wofukula. Ofukula oyamba a hydraulic ku Germany anabadwa mu 1950. Ofukula a makina a hydraulic ndi mbadwo wachiwiri wa ofukula.
Mbadwo wachitatu wa ofukula: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wamagetsi, makamaka ukadaulo wa makompyuta, kumathandiza ofukula kukhala ndi makina owongolera okha, komanso kumapangitsa kuti ofukulawo apite patsogolo motsatira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, odziyimira pawokha komanso anzeru. Kumera kwa makina amagetsi kunachitika cha m'ma 1965, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa makina amagetsi pa ofukula ma hydraulic opangidwa mochuluka kunali cha m'ma 1985, pomwe cholinga chachikulu chinali kusunga mphamvu. Ma electronics ofukula ndi chizindikiro cha m'badwo wachitatu wa ofukula.
Zigawo za zokumba zimapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri: magawo a makina ndi magawo amagetsi.
1. Zipangizo zamakina ndi zida zamakina zokha zomwe zimathandiza pamagetsi, makamaka kuphatikiza mapampu a hydraulic, mabaketi onyamula, ma booms, njanji, mainjini, ndi zina zotero.
2. Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi gawo lowongolera mayendedwe a chofukula, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zida zamakanika kuti zigwire ntchito moyenera, makamaka kuphatikiza mtundu wa kompyuta, chowongolera mayendedwe amadzimadzi, chowunikira ngodya, choyezera dizilo, fuse, chosinthira kuyatsa, pampu yoyatsira mafuta, ndi zina zotero.
Zigawo za makina ndi gawo lowongolera ma drive zimathandizirana. Gawo lowongolera zamagetsi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito yogwira mtima ya gawo lililonse la makina. Mkhalidwe wa gawo la makina umabweretsedwa ku gawo lowongolera zamagetsi kudzera mu zigawo zamagetsi, kuti ligwirizanitse bwino ntchito ya chofukula kuti chigwire bwino ntchito yake.
Chipangizo chogwirira ntchito ndicho gawo lalikulu la chofukula cha hydraulic. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kufukula nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa malo oimikapo, komanso chimatha kufukula nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa kutalika kwakukulu kodulira. Kuwonjezera pa kukumba, kugwetsa ndi kukweza, chingathenso kugwira ntchito yosavuta yolinganiza malo. Ntchito yofukula ndi yoyenera kufukula nthaka ya grade Ⅰ~Ⅳ, ndipo njira ya hydraulic hammer kapena blasting imafunika pa grade Ⅴ yomwe ili pamwambapa.
Chipangizo chogwirira ntchito cha backhoe chimapangidwa ndi boom, stick, bucket, rocker, connecting rod, ndi hydraulic pipes za chipangizo chogwirira ntchito kuphatikizapo boom silinda, stick silinda ndi bucket silinda.